Virtually all computing devices make use of the same components. Thanks to this, it is easy to distinguish what makes up each of these devices. Although there are small differences, they all require RAM, storage, a processor and other elements.
Among them is one that few people are aware of and that is essential for the operation of the device. We are talking about ROM memory.
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What is ROM memory
ROM is nothing more than the acronym for Read-Only Memory, or what comes to be the same, Memory of only reading. It is a memory that is not used to write to it but only to be able to read it.
All computer devices have ROM memory inside them to be able to execute various elements essential for the operation of the equipment.
This storage medium has the information recorded on it at the factory that can be accessed to be read regardless of whether or not it has a power source.
Normally the data that is stored in the ROM cannot be modified, at least in a quick or easy way. Although it is true that with specific tools, generally offered by the manufacturer in the form of updates, this information can be altered.
What is ROM memory for?
ROM memory does not have many uses since it is designed for a specific functionality. This memory stores the firmware of the hardware installed on the device, something that does not usually change frequently. In the same way, some diagnostic programs can also be found installed in this memory.
Although this is a minimum amount of memory and is not used to store anything else, ROM memory is essential for the correct functioning of a computing device. Without the information that is stored in it, it would be impossible to make the hardware that has been used to manufacture the device work correctly and at full capacity.
ROM memory and RAM memory
These two types of memory have a fairly similar name due to their initials, although their operation is different. While the ROM memory does not lose the information that is recorded in it, the RAM memory (random access memory) does delete all the information that passes through it when the power supply is cut off.
In the same way that they are different when it comes to storing information, they also have different objectives. While the ROM is dedicated to loading certain programs for the correct functioning of the computer, RAM is used to run all other programs and functions of the computer.
Because RAM memory performs a similar function to ROM and its reading speed is much faster compared to the second, for a few years the information stored in ROM memory has been passed to RAM modules to so that it can be accessed more quickly.
ROM memory types
Since read-only memory was invented, some different models have been developed, each one more advanced and with features that allow information to be removed from memory in a simpler way.
AVG: Programmable Read-Only Memory, or programmable read-only memory, is a type of ROM memory in which each of the bits is determined by a fuse. These fuses can blow only once, so the information can be programmed using a PROM programmer only once. Thanks to this, PROM memory is used when you want to store information permanently.
EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, or programmable and erasable read-only memory. It is a type of ROM memory that makes use of floating gate transistors or FAMOS cells. In order to program this type of memory, an electronic device is used that uses voltages higher than those used in the circuits. To eliminate memory from an EPROM, said memory is exposed to ultraviolet light for a certain period of time. Currently, this type of ROM memory is still used although it leaves some disadvantages clear, such as the inability to choose what information to delete, since exposing the memory to UV light eliminates the information in its entirety.
EEPROM: electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, Also known as electrically erasable programmable ROM, it is the most recent type of ROM memory. As its name suggests, this memory can be erased and programmed electrically, leaving ultra violet rays behind. One of the great advantages of the EEPROM with respect to its predecessors is that no specific programmers are required, so the erasing and programming of information can be carried out in the same circuit, in addition to being rewritten and delete bytes of information individually. While it is easier and more affordable to reprogram than previous models, it costs much more.
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